Combined transformer and inductor device

ABSTRACT

A DC-to-DC power converter incorporating a combined transformer and inductor device comprised of a three-legged magnetic structure having an air gap in the center leg and primary and secondary windings arranged on the three legs to provide combined cooperative transformer and inductor action.

United States Patent Cielo et a1.

[ COMBINED TRANSFORMER AND INDUCTOR DEVICE [72] inventors: John R. Clelo, Kingston; Harry S. i-loliman, Jr., Saugerties, both of NY.

[73] Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, NY.

Filed: March 30, 1970 Appl. No.: 29,313

Related [1.8. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 691,996, Dec. 20, 1967,

Pat. No. 3,553,720.

[52] US. Cl. ..321/2, 321/26, 323/48 [51] Int. Cl. ..H02In 3/28 [58] Field of Search ..321/2, 18, 26; 323/48;

[451 Sept. 26, 1972 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,249,696 7/1941 Pfanstiehl ..336/165 X 1,741,017 12/1929 Feild et a1 ..321/2 1,940,496 12/1933 James ..321/2 2,849,614 8/1958 Royer et a1. ..321/2 X 3,443,194 5/1969 Cielo ..321/2 3,443,195 5/1969 Hoffman, .11. et a1 ..321/2 Primary Examiner-William M. Shoop, Jr. I Attorney-Hanifin and Jancin and Nathan Cass [57] ABSTRACT A DC-to-DC power converter incorporating a combined transformer and inductor device comprised of a three-legged magnetic structure having an air gap in the center leg and primary and secondary windings arranged on the three legs to provide combined cooperative transformer and inductor action.

11 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures CONTROL 25 CIRCUITRY I PATENTEDSEPZB m2 sum 1 0F 2 FIG.1

CONTROL 25 CIRCUITRY 8 MI. ,N

CONTROL CIRCUITRY 25 IM+I5 I 128 I I I l I IT53T4 FIG.2

SHEET 2 [IF 2 PAIENTEU EPZ m2 TIIANSISTOR IZ-A I CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS l. DC-to-DC Converter with Continuous Feed to the I Load, Harry S. Hoffman, 'Jr. et al.', US. Ser. No.

667,762, filed Sept. 14,1967, now US. Pat. No. 3,443,195.

2. Improved DC-to-DC'Converter with Continuous Feed to the Load, John R. Cielo, U.S. Ser. No.

667,698, filed Sept 14, 1967, now US. Pat. No. 3,443,194.

BACKGROUND OF TI-IE INVISNTION The" present invention relates generally to power system and devices, and more particularly to a combined transformer and inductor device for use therein.

DC voltage-sources of appropriate magnitudes and regulation andsmoothness characteristics are required in many modern day electronic equipment such as, for example, electronic equipment used in computer systems. The generation of such DC voltages may typically be accomplished by direct conversion of an AC voltage from an AC source to the required DC voltage, or by first rectifying theAC voltage and then'using a DC-to-DC converter to convert the rectified DC voltage to the required DC voltage level having a desired smoothness and regulation. The combined transformer and inductor device of the present invention will be illustrated-herein as applied to a system of the latter type in which a DC-to-DC converter is employed to convert an input DC voltage, for example, 290 volts DC, derived by rectification from 208'-volt, three-phase AC source, into a required lower level output DC voltage of, for example, 3 volts DC.

A DC-to-DC inverter typically comprises five basic 'elements:'(l) 'an inverter including switching means, such'as one or more switching transistors, for converting-the input DC voltages to an AC voltage, usually of rectangular waveform; (2-) a transformer to which the AC voltage produced by the inverter is applied for appropriate level conversion; (3) rectifier means for rectifying the output from the transfon'ner; (4) a DC filter to which the rectified output from the rectifier means is applied for providing a DC output voltage having the required smoothness; and (5) control means responsive to the output voltage for controlling the "on and off periods of the inverter switching transistors to provide the required regulation of the DC output voltage.

In the aforementioned copending patent applications (which are assigned to the same assignee as the instant application), improvements in DC-to-DC converters are disclosed, whereby fault protection is achieved for the inverter switching transistors by inserting one or more inductors in the primary of the transformer, and whereby improved output voltage regulation and smoothness are achieved by providing a coupling winding for each inductor arranged so that energy stored in the inductor during the on period of a respective inverter switching transistor is coupled to the load during the next following off period of the inverter switching transistors.

2 SUMMARY OF THE. INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, the functions of both a transformer and an inductor are advantageously combined intoa single magnetic device for cooperative operation in. a manner which permits achieving novel operating characteristics, whereby savings in winding and core material are made possible, as well as greater flexiblity in circuit design and improved overall electrical performance. The features of such a combined transformer and inductor device may be employed to particular advantage for accomplishing the functions of the transformer and inductor in a DC- to-DC converter of the general type disclosed in the aforementioned patent applications, whereby even further improvements in DC-to-DC converters are realized. It is to be understood that although the combined transformer and inductor device of the present invention will be illustrated with respect to such a DC-to-DC conversion system, it will be apparent from the description herein that the invention is also useful in other types of power supply circuits, as well as any other applications where the features and characteristics of the invention can be used to advantage.

It is therefore a broad'object of the invention to provide a combined transformer and inductor device having advantageous use for electrical circuits, particularly those used in powersupply systems.

Another object of the invention is to provide improvements in a DC-to-DC converter by the incorporation therein of a combined inductor and transformer in accordance with the invention.

A further object of the invention is to provide a combined transformer and inductor device having novel structural and performance characteristics.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: v

FIG. 1 is a schematic and electrical circuit diagram of a DC-to-DC converter incorporating a combined transformer and inductor device in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 2 is a plurality of timing graphs illustrating the waveforms of pertinent signals in the circuit of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic and electrical circuit diagram of a DC-to-DC converter incorporating a modification of a combined transformer and inductor device in accordance with the invention.

Like designations refer to like elements throughout the figures of the drawings.

With reference to the DC-to-DC converter illustrated in FIG. 1, the combined transformer and inductor ,device is designated by the numeral 10, and includes a three-legged magnetic structure A, C, B having a center leg C provided with a gap 12, which may be an air gap, as shown, or if desired, a high reluctance material. Gap 12 serves to prevent saturation of the magnetic material of which the magnetic structure is comprised, and thereby permit use of a much smaller volume of magnetic material than would otherwise be required.

The three-legged magnetic structure of the combined transformer and inductor device 10 in FIG. 1 is provided with series-connected primary windings Nl-A and Nl-B having input terminals 1, 2 and 3, as shown, seriesrconnected secondary windings N2-A and N2-B having output terminals 4, and 6, and a center leg secondary winding N3 having output terminals 5 and 8. The manner in which the windings in FIG. 1 are shown wound on their respective legs illustrate their relative polarities. It will be understood that the outer magnetic path including legs A and B provides a relatively low reluctance magnetic path between the primary and secondary windings Nl-A, Nl-B and N2-A, N2-B, since it does not include the air gap 12. On the other hand, the magnetic path between secondary winding N3 and either the primary winding Nl-A, N1-B or the secondary windings N2-A, N2-B is of relatively high magnetic reluctance, for example, times greater, since couplingis via center leg C and air gap 12. I

It will accordingly be understood that the primary and secondary windings Nl-A, Nl-B and N2-A, N2-B in FIG. 1 are relativelyclosely coupled and serve to .provide essentially transformer operation, while the center leg winding N3 is relatively loosely coupled with respect thereto and serves to provide essentially inductor operation. It is important to realize in connection with the present invention that the transformer and inductor operation in the device 10 are not independent,

It will be seen in FIG. 1 that a DC power source has its positive end coupled to input terminal 2 of the combined transformer-and inductor device 10 and its negative end coupled to input terminals 1 and 3 via the emitter and collector of a respective series transistor or 22. These transistors 20 and 22 serve as switches to convert the DC source 15 into an AC signal. Regulation control is provided in a conventional manner by appropriately controlling the conduction time of the transformer primary current II in response to output signals applied to the transistor bases from control circuitry 25. It will be understood that control circuitry may be of conventional form for detecting variations across load and for providing appropriate regulation control output signals to the bases of transistors 20 and 22 in response thereto. A filter capacitor is connected across load 30 ha conventional manner.

Now considering the output terminals 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the combined transformer and inductor device 10, it will be understood that load current I supplied to load 30 is derived from output currents 12-A, 12-3 and 13 from respective output terminals 6, 4 and 8 via respective diodes D2-A, D2-B and D3, output terminal 5 being connected to the other side of load 30 for use as a return line.

Thespecific manner in which the load current I is derived from output currents 12-A, 12-8 and I3 during the operating periods of the DC-to-DC converter of FIG. 1 in accordance with the invention will now be considered in detail with reference to the timing graphs of FIG. 2. It will be understood from FIG. 2 that the operation of the DC-to-DC converter of FIG. 2 may be divided into four repetitive time periods T1, T2, T3 and T4. Periods T1 and T3 are power stroke periods during which a respective one of transistors 20 and 22 is conducting, and periods T2 and T4 are interim periods during which neither of transistors 20 and 22 is conducting. Operation during each of these timing periods T1 and T4 is as follows. Time Period T1:

As indicated in FIG. 2, time period T1 is initiated by control circuitry 25 turning on transistor 20 while maintaining transistor 22 off, thereby causing primary current II to flow via input terminals 2 and 1 from DC source 15 through primary winding Nl-A. It will be understood from the winding polarities illustrated in FIG. 1 that primary current flow through primary winding Nl-A will induce voltages in secondary, windings N2-A, N2-B and N3 such that only the voltage induced in secondary winding N2-B will have a polarity which will permit an output current 12-B to flow via terminal 4 through its respective diode D2-B to load 30; the voltages induced in the other secondary windings N2-A and N3 will have polarities which will reverse bias their respective diodes D2-A and D3. Thus, the resultant load current I flowing during period T1 is merely the current 12-B, as illustrated in the I2-B and I graphs in FIG. 2.

It is important to note that, during period T1, the magnetic flux which will be caused to flow in center leg C as a result of the flow of primary current I1 in primary winding Nl-A is additive with respect to the magnetic flux which is caused to flow in center leg C as a result of the flow of secondary current in winding N2-B. Since the polarity of the voltage induced in secondary winding N3 during period T1 is such as to reverse bias diode D3, the energy stored in center leg C by the two additive fluxes will not be dissipated during period T1, and will thus remain stored in center leg C when period Tl terminates. The amount of energy stored in center leg C during period T1 will be determined by the mutual coupling existing between center leg C and the outer magnetic path including legs A and B. THe required mutual coupling is conveniently provided by the size chosen for air gap 12. It will be understood that the lower limit of mutual coupling will be determined by the amount of flux required to be stored in center leg C during period T1 to provide the operation occurring during period T2 described below, while the upper limit of mutual coupling will be determined by the requirement that the magnetic material of the three-legged structure not become saturated, or operate so close to saturation as to interfere with transformer operation. Time Period T2:

As indicated in FIG. 2, time period T2 beings when control circuitry 25 turns transistor 20 off, while still maintaining transistor 22 off, in which case, no primary current flows to either of primary windings Nl-A and Nl-B. The flux stored in center leg C during period T1 will thus begin to decay, causing the voltage induced in secondary winding N3 to reverse with the result that diode D3 will not be forward biased to permit the energy stored in center leg C to discharge and produce the output current l3, as illustrated by the I3 graph in FIG. 2. It will be noted in graph 12-A in FIG. 2 that a relatively smaller output current IM is also provided from secondary winding N2 -A during period T2 as a result of the discharging, during period T2, of the magnetizing flux stored in the outer magnetic path during period T1. The size of air gap 12 is preferably chosen to provide a mutual coupling such that the energy stored in center leg C during period T1. will induce an output voltage in winding N3 during period T2 which results in an output current I3 which when added to IMgives a load current I during period T2 which is approximately the same as during period T1, thereby minimizing ripple at load 30.

Time Period T3: I a

. As will be apparent from graphs I2-A and I in FIG. 2, operation during period T3 is the same as during period Tl, except that transistor 22 is now caused to be con ducting, while transistor 20 is maintained at cut-0H, in

which case primary current I1 now flows via input terminals 2 and 3 from source 15 through primary winding NI-B. Thus, during period T3, only secondary winding N2-A will have a voltage induced therein of a polarity which will forward bias its respective diode D2-A,

thereby producing a resultant load current I flowing to load 30 of. I2-A. As occurred during period T1, energy will be stored in leg C during period T3 as a result of the additive effect of the flux produced in leg C from the flow of primary current II in winding N l-B, and from the flow of secondary current I2-A in secondary winding N2-A.

Time period T4: v

It will be apparent from graphs I3, 12-8 and I in FIG. 2 that operation during period T4 is the same as during period T2; that is, both transistors 20 and 22 are maintained off so that no primary current flows, whereupon the resultant decay of the flux stored in center leg C produces the output current I3 from winding N3, while the decay of the magnetizing flux in the outer path produces the output current 1M from winding N2-B, the two currents I3 and IM adding to produce the resultant load current I, as illustrated by graph I in FIG. 2.

A modification of the combined transformer and inductor device in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIG. 3; As shown, the modified device is basically similar to the device 10 of FIG. 1, except that secondary windings N2-A' and N2-B' are wound oppositely to that of windings N2-A and N2-B, and an additional primary winding N4 is provided coupled to center leg C and connected in series with DC source 15; that is, winding N4 is connected between thecommon junction of primary windings Nl-A and Nl-B and terminal 2, whereby the primary current I1 flowing from source 15 when either of transistors or 22 is conducting alsoflows through winding N4.

It will be understood that, because the polarities of secondary windings N2-A and NZ-B' in the combined transformer and inductor device 10' of FIG. 3 are opposite to that of secondary windings NZ-A and N2-B of device 10 in FIG. 1, when primary current l1 flows in primary winding Nl-A during period Tl, only winding N2-A' of device 10' in FIG. 3 (rather than winding duced therein of a polarity which will forward bias its respective diode D2-A. Likewise, when primary current II flows in primary winding Nl-B during period T3, only winding N2-B of device 10 (rather than winding- N2-A as in device 10) will have a voltage induced therein of a polarity which will forward bias its respective diode D2-B. Accordingly, during time periods T1 and T3, device 10' in FIG. 3 will produce respective load currents I2-A' and I2-B, which may be the same as illustrated in FIG. 2 by graphs I2-B and l2-A, respectively, as indicated by the I2-A and 12-8 designations provided at the right in FIG. 2.

It should be noted that, for device 10 of FIG. 3, transformer action takes place between primary and secondary windings N l-A, and N2-A' and primary and secondary windings Nl-B and. Nl-B, rather than between windings Nl-A and N2-B and windings Nl-B and N2-A as for device 10 in FIG. 1. As a result, if not for the presence of additional primary winding N4 in the device 10' of FIG. 3, only a relatively small mag- 'netizing flux would be stored in center leg C. during time periods T1 and T3, since the flux produced in center leg C from the flow of primary current I, through respective primary windings Nl-A, and Nl-B during respective time periods T1 and T3 will be opposite to during periods T1 and T3 so that the required discharge can occur during periods T2 and T4. Accordingly, in a similar manner as for device 10 of FIG. 1, the stored flux thus provided during periods T1 and T3 in center leg C by winding N4 of device 10 decays during each of time periods T2 and T4 to produce a similar output current I3 from secondary winding N3, as shown by the I3 graph in FIG. 2. It will be understood that, also in a similar manner as for device 10, a magnetizing current IM is also produced in windings Nl-B' and N1-A' of device 10' during respective periods T2 and T4 as a result of the decay of the magnetization flux occurring in the outer path, the two currents I3 and IM adding during periods T2 and T4 to produce the resultant load current I illustrated by graph I in FIG. 2.

Although the modified transformer and inductor device 10' of FIG. 3 has the disadvantage of requiring an additional winding N4 around center leg C, it offers the advantage of permitting the transformer action provided thereby to be improved, since windings Nl-A and N2-A' have a common magnetic path (legs A and C) and can, therefore, be wound together to form a single closely coupled winding structure; a like closely coupled winding structure can also be provided for windings Nl-B and N2-B which likewise have a common magnetic path (legs B and C). A third such winding structure can additionally be provided for windings N3 and N4 on center leg C. A resultant device 10 can thus be provided made up of three such winding structures, one on each of legs A, B and C.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is: 1. In combination: a magnetic structure providing first and second mutually coupled magnetic paths, said first path having a relatively low reluctance, and said second path having a relatively high magnetic reluctance, primary winding means and secondary winding means wound on said structure so as to be coupled via said first magnetic path for providing transformer action therebetween, at least one additional winding means wound on said structure so as to be coupled to said primary and secondary winding means via said second magnetic path, I first circuit means coupled to said primary winding means for supplying energy thereto, second circuit means coupled to said secondary winding means and said additional winding means in parallel for'receiving energy therefrom in alternation, said magnetic structure being constructed and arranged so that a predetermined mutual coupling is provided between said first and second magnetic paths which in cooperation with the construction and arrangement of said second circuit means produces operation such that when energy is supplied to said primary winding means for transformation to said secondary winding means a significant amount of energy is stored in said second magnetic path,

and when the energy supplied to said primary winding means is removed the stored energy in said second magnetic path discharges to said second circuit means via said additional winding means.

2. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second circuit means includes means operative to prevent current flow from said additional winding means while energy is being supplied to said primary winding means in order to permit the storage of energy in said second magnetic path, and permit current flow from said additional winding when energy supplied to said primary winding means is removed in order to permit discharge of energy stored in said second magnetic path. 3. The invention in accordance with claim 2, wherein said magnetic structure comprises magnetic material having a configuration providing three interconnected legs with an air gap in one of the legs, said air gap being chosen to provide said predetermined mutual coupling, wherein said first magnetic path is an unbroken path of magnetic material including the two legs having no air gap, wherein said second magnetic path includes the leg having the air gap, and wherein said additional winding means is wound on the leg having said air gap. 4. The invention in accordance with claim 3,

wherein the coupling of said first circuit means to said primary winding means is chosen in conjunction with the construction and arrangement of said primary and secondary winding means with respect to said structure so that when energy is supplied to said primary winding means the resultant current flow in said primary and secondary winding means produces fluxes in the same direction in the leg having an air gap.

5. The invention in accordance with claim 4, wherein the leg having an air gap is the center leg.

6. The invention in accordance with claim 5,

wherein said primary and secondary winding means includes a first primary winding and a first secondary winding each wound on said structure so as to be coupled to a first portion of said structure including one outer leg,

and a second primary winding and a second secondary winding each wound on said structure so as to be coupled to a second portion of said structure including the other outer leg.

7. The invention in accordance with claim 6,

wherein said first and second primary windings are connected in series,

wherein said first and second secondary windings are connected in series,

wherein said first circuit means is coupled to said first and second primary windings for providing primary current flow therein during periodically occurring respective spaced power stroke time periods,

wherein the primary and secondary windings are constructed and arranged with respect to said structure and in conjunction with said second circuit means so that when primary current flows in said first primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said second secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to said primary and secondary currents,

and when primary current flows in said second primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said first secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to said primary and secondary currents,

and wherein said additional winding is constructed and arranged with respect to said structure and in conjunction with said second circuit means so that energy stored in said center leg during each power stroke period is discharged to said second circuit means in the time period between said power stroke periods.

8. The invention in accordance with claim 7,

wherein said means operative to prevent current flow from said additional winding means while energy is being supplied to said primary winding means and permit current flow from said additional winding when energy supplied to said primary winding means is removed includes rectifier means in series with said additional winding and poled to permit current flow therefrom only during time periods between said power stroke periods.

9. The invention in accordance with claim 8,

9 w 10 wherein said second circuit means includes rectifier and arranged with respect to said structure and in means in series with each of said first and second conjunction with said second circuit means so that secondary windings and poled so as to permit curwhen primary current flows in said first primary rent flow therefrom during respective power winding during a power stroke period secondary stroke periods when desired and preventing current flow therefrom during respective power stroke periods when not desired.

10. The invention in accordance with claim 6, wherein said primary winding means further includes a second winding wound on said center leg.

l l. The invention in accordance with claim 10,

wherein said first and second primary windings are connected in series,

wherein said first circuit means is coupled to said first and second primary windings and the second l5 winding on said center leg for providing primary current flow in said first and second primary current flows only in said first secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to primary current flow in the second winding on said center leg, and when primary current flows in said second primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said second secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to primary current flow in the second winding on said center leg, and wherein the first winding on said center leg is constructed and arranged with respect to said windin durin period-lea occurring respefive structure and in conjunction with said second cirspacedgsower stgmke time piods and primary cub cuit means so that energy stored in said center leg rent flow in the second winding on the center leg f each peflod to during both power woke time periods said second circuit means n the time period wherein the primary and secondary windings and the between Power Stroke penods second winding on the center leg are constructed 

1. In combination: a magnetic structure providing first and second mutually coupled magnetic paths, said first path having a relatively low reluctance, and said second path having a relatively high magnetic reluctance, primary winding means and secondary winding means wound on said structure so as to be coupled via said first magnetic path for providing transformer action therebetween, at least one additional winding means wound on said structure so as to be coupled to said primary and secondary winding means via said second magnetic path, first circuit means coupled to said primary winding means for supplying energy thereto, second circuit means coupled to said secondary winding means and said additional winding means in parallel for receiving energy therefrom in alternation, said magnetic structure being constructed and arranged so that a predetermined mutual coupling is provided between said first and second magnetic paths which in cooperation with the construction and arrangement of said second circuit means produces operation such that when energy is supplied to said primary winding means for transformation to said secondary winding means a significant amount of energy is stored in said second magnetic path, and when the energy supplied to said primary winding means is removed the stored energy in said second magnetic path discharges to said second circuit means via said additional winding means.
 2. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second circuit means includes means operative to prevent current flow from said additional winding means while energy is being supplied to said primary winding means in order to permit the storage of energy in said second magnetic path, and permit current flow from said additional winding when energy supplied to said primary winding means is removed in order to permit discharge of energy stored in said second magnetic path.
 3. The invention in accordance with claiM 2, wherein said magnetic structure comprises magnetic material having a configuration providing three interconnected legs with an air gap in one of the legs, said air gap being chosen to provide said predetermined mutual coupling, wherein said first magnetic path is an unbroken path of magnetic material including the two legs having no air gap, wherein said second magnetic path includes the leg having the air gap, and wherein said additional winding means is wound on the leg having said air gap.
 4. The invention in accordance with claim 3, wherein the coupling of said first circuit means to said primary winding means is chosen in conjunction with the construction and arrangement of said primary and secondary winding means with respect to said structure so that when energy is supplied to said primary winding means the resultant current flow in said primary and secondary winding means produces fluxes in the same direction in the leg having an air gap.
 5. The invention in accordance with claim 4, wherein the leg having an air gap is the center leg.
 6. The invention in accordance with claim 5, wherein said primary and secondary winding means includes a first primary winding and a first secondary winding each wound on said structure so as to be coupled to a first portion of said structure including one outer leg, and a second primary winding and a second secondary winding each wound on said structure so as to be coupled to a second portion of said structure including the other outer leg.
 7. The invention in accordance with claim 6, wherein said first and second primary windings are connected in series, wherein said first and second secondary windings are connected in series, wherein said first circuit means is coupled to said first and second primary windings for providing primary current flow therein during periodically occurring respective spaced power stroke time periods, wherein the primary and secondary windings are constructed and arranged with respect to said structure and in conjunction with said second circuit means so that when primary current flows in said first primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said second secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to said primary and secondary currents, and when primary current flows in said second primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said first secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to said primary and secondary currents, and wherein said additional winding is constructed and arranged with respect to said structure and in conjunction with said second circuit means so that energy stored in said center leg during each power stroke period is discharged to said second circuit means in the time period between said power stroke periods.
 8. The invention in accordance with claim 7, wherein said means operative to prevent current flow from said additional winding means while energy is being supplied to said primary winding means and permit current flow from said additional winding when energy supplied to said primary winding means is removed includes rectifier means in series with said additional winding and poled to permit current flow therefrom only during time periods between said power stroke periods.
 9. The invention in accordance with claim 8, wherein said second circuit means includes rectifier means in series with each of said first and second secondary windings and poled so as to permit current flow therefrom during respective power stroke periods when desired and preventing current flow therefrom during respective power stroke periods when not desired.
 10. The invention in accordance with claim 6, wherein said primary winding means further includes a second winding wound on said center leg.
 11. The invention in accordance with claim 10, wherein said first and seCond primary windings are connected in series, wherein said first circuit means is coupled to said first and second primary windings and the second winding on said center leg for providing primary current flow in said first and second primary windings during periodically occurring respective spaced power stroke time periods and primary current flow in the second winding on the center leg during both power stroke time periods, wherein the primary and secondary windings and the second winding on the center leg are constructed and arranged with respect to said structure and in conjunction with said second circuit means so that when primary current flows in said first primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said first secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to primary current flow in the second winding on said center leg, and when primary current flows in said second primary winding during a power stroke period secondary current flows only in said second secondary winding and energy is stored in said center leg in response to primary current flow in the second winding on said center leg, and wherein the first winding on said center leg is constructed and arranged with respect to said structure and in conjunction with said second circuit means so that energy stored in said center leg during each power stroke period is discharged to said second circuit means in the time period between said power stroke periods. 